Problematic Policing: Resources on Race and Law Enforcement

The history of policing in the United States has deep and complicated roots that reach all the way back to 1704, when the colony of Carolina organized the first slave patrol.

Since the end of slavery, the police continued to act as enforcers of Jim Crow and segregationist laws.  Below are a few articles and eBooks dealing with recent scholarship around the criminalization and control of people of color and the continuing history of policing in the United States.

An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force (2016) 

Black and blue: Exploring racial bias and law enforcement in the killings of unarmed black male civilians (2016).